Jovanna

World War II

During World War II there were 3 major dictators, Hitler, Mussolini and Tojo. They helped fuel the fire to create one of the biggest wars in history.

Hideki Tojo was the General for Japan during World War II. Tojo was commander of Japan which caused him to be the nation's dictator at the time as well. After the war, he attempeted a failed suicide by shooting himself in the chest. South Aisa and China were the places that Japan wanted to expand at the most, because Japan wanted to create the Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. One of the weaknesses Japan withheld, was that it lacked in natural resources. Japan didn't want to provoke wars with other places, but they wanted to [|remove or neturalize America]to get to where they need to be. During this time, Japan had provoked war on China, and in this war, The US was suppling China with weapons, and also had the Flying Tigers which helped China. On December 7, 1942 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Although[| it had many causes]there were two main ones. The US helped run Japan out of China, and when Japan refused The US took away the natural source of oil. Soon after,The US responded to their declaration of War.
 * [|Hideki Tojo][[image:howardgeography/tojo.jpg width="341" height="295" align="right" caption="Tojo October 18, 1941-July 22, 1944"]]**

__**Japanese Empire Expansion**__

As written in the previous paragraph, Japan wanted the Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japan wanted to isolate and remove France, Great Britian, the Dutch, and the US. If these areas were correctly isolated and removed, Japan would capture South Asia and China. Another challenge that came up for the Japanese was the US Pacfic Fleet. Later inWorld War II The US began to use that as another defense for China and itsself. In order to expand Japan began to attack everyone else, with the exeption of Russia, Japan was too afriad to attack and fail against them. The reason why Japan was so on the quest for land was to reach their resources. With the lack of resources Japan began to attack everyone to get where they needed to be.

Benito Mussolini had believed that he could bring order back into Rome in 1922. Him and an army of army vets, known as the Black Shirts, marched into Rome to claim order. King Victor Emmanual allowed Mussolini to create a government, which he later became the dictartor of. He had set out to regain power for Italy and Europe. In April of 1945, Italian partisans captured and murdered him by shooting him.
 * __Benito Mussolini__**

__[|Rise to Power]__
 * In September of 1915, Mussolini was drafted into he Italian Army.
 * In March of 1919, Mussolini unitied with other Army Veterans to form a Fascist Party known as the Black Shirts, the also terrorized any of their political compotition.
 * In 1920 the Party was asked to join the coalition government.
 * In October of 1922, Italy was spirialing into chaos political wise. Mussolini believed he could be the only one to restore order to Italy.
 * In 1925 Mussolini became dictator of a government that King Emmanual alled him to create. With him as dictator, he decided he wanted to help Italy and Europe regain the power that was lost.
 * By 1935 Mussolini had invaded Abyssina and added it into theItalian Empire that he had created.
 * In 1939, Nazi power had also been shared with Mussolini, which inspired him to create and anti- Jew law in Italy as well.
 * In 1940 the Italian Army's weaknesses were exposed resulting in multipul defeats.
 * In 1943 Mussolini was imprisioned and was rescued a few years later. Following his rescue, Mussolini was murdered in 1945 by being shot.

__**Adolf Hitler**__ Adolf Hitler was on of the most known dictator of this war. Had created a large impacted in the world by trying to rid the world of Jew, this event was also known as the Holocaust. He created camps to hold Jew (which Hitler saw as imperfections to the world), hostage and disposed of. Hitler had also created the Nazi Party to help pull out his plans further. In April of 1945, Hitler commited suicide. There are many stories to how he commited suicied from drinking poision to shooting himself. __Appeasement__ Hitler took advantage of France and Great Britian since they wanted to avoid war. When he took over Germany, he not only began to build an army, but he also began to ignore the Treaty of Versallies and refused to pay the debt that was still owed from WW1. Finally in 1936 Hitler moves his built up military to the Rhineland. France and Great Britian continued to make the mistake of ignoring him and let Hitler militarize the Rhineland. In 1938 France and Great Britian take Austria and the Munich Pact begains. The Munich Pact is an agreement to let Hitler and his Nazi soldiers into Sudentenland. In 1939, Hitler invades Poland and Stalin invades as well. In the end, Hitler takes over many places leaving Great Britian alone.


 * __The USA in the fight [[image:howardgeography/706unclesam.jpg width="258" height="267" align="left" caption="Propaganda Poster"]]__**

=__[|Pearl Harbor]__= = = Although there were many reasons for the US to join the war, one reason had pushed the US further than all the other reasons. This reason is known as Pearl Habor. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese military placed a suprise attack on a US military base on Hawaii's Pearl Habor. Finally it had been decided that there was no going back, and the US was now officially entered into WWII. = = Army materials were being so mass produced in this war like never berfore. In order to get through this war lots of items were being produced and also bring rationed. Rationing is when the supplies of items were RESTRICTED. Here is a [|list] of some items that were being rationed.
 * __Rationing and Mass Production__**
 * coffee
 * Tires
 * Gas
 * Canned fish and meat products
 * cars
 * (Ect.)

I think that during this time rationing was good. During this war, alot of supplies were limited and we also had to make sure that our soldiers got the supplies they needed. If they would not recieve the materials needed, then they might have not been able to make it though the war.

__**[|The Office of War Information]**__ The Office of war was created in June 13, 1942. It had been used to promote patriotism and to convince emn to join the war, and women to help with work in the war. In order to convince people to join, OWI workers had captured people by using __propaganda__ also known as photographs and captions of emotional content. With using propaganda, the OWI helped fabricate the war making alot of things look better then what reality could really bring.

To me, propaganda was good, because propaganda ended up helping the US in the long run. Without propaganda, the US had may never recieved as much help as it could have.

__**Internment camps and Executive Order 9066**__
I think at the time, it was both necessary and unnecessary for these camps. The were necessary because the US was suspicious of Japanese Americanas, and hath they had not been evacuated,US natives may have tried to take things into their own hands to solve the suspicion. At the same time, I think it is wrong, because suspicion never gets anyone anywhere. Although we did not cause injury to the Japanese Americans, and released them afterward I feel that no one should be punished (being pushed out of their homes) if they may not be guilty
 * =====After the attack on Pearl Habor, the govenment became suspicious of Japanese Americans.=====
 * In the begining of 1942, Japanese Americans were asked to take what ever they needed and evacuate their homes.
 * After they were evacuated, they were put on shipped and sent on trains to camps. (Franklin Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066)
 * The camps were surrounded by barbed wire and soldiers with guns.
 * After the war was over, the Japenese were released.

__**Manhattan Project**__ The Manhattan project was an atomic bomb that the US began to work on in 1942. In 1945 we have thoughts on using the boom, at this point, Hitler has already been beat, and all that is left is Japan. Japan has decided to not surrender unless we had invaded. Finally, President Truman decides to use the bomb to end the war. After the first atomic bomb, Japan still doesn't surrender, and we are forced to use aother bomb which helps end the war in 1945. To me, the Manhattan Project may have

been necessary to end the war, but it had a negative effect on humanity. For years after the bomb, radiation was still being spread, causing death on the people who came into contact with the raditation(which was many). I think, if I had a say, I would have avoided the bombs, because although there were many unsurrending soldiers for Japan, the raditaion from the two necular bomb killed many innocents that did not deserve it. Although it saved many Americans, it left a bad impact on humanity.

How the war was fought

European Theater

__**[|Dwight Eisenhower]**__

Dwight Eisenhower was the man in charge of Normandy, also known as D-day. He had been the Supreme Allied Commander, and commanded all the allied forces. The allied forces consisted of:
 * 5,000 Ship
 * 10,000 Aircraft
 * 153,000 Troops
 * 20,000 Vehicals

__**[|George Marshall]**__ George Marshall had helped a lot throughout the war. He helped stack up on supplies, budgeting, leadership, finding strategies, and helping find battle priorities. He helped more than anyone could imagine though, when he invented operation D-day. He also planned the 1st peace time draft, and coordinated the largest expanision of the military in history.

__**[|Omar Bradley]**__ Omar Bradley commaned the 12th Army Group. After leading his army through rough, brutal battles, he lead his army to being the first into the Battle of the Bulge. His army also liberated Paris.

__**[|George Patton]**__ While being in the Europe Theater, Operation Tourch was invented. The goal of Operation Torch was to capture North Africa. The US, had a secret weapon, George Patton. He was the best tank commander the Allies had, helping them in the long run.

The leader that I think had the most influnce in the Europen Theater was **George Marshall.** Not only had he helped with the war, he also planned the operation to win in the European Theater. Hath he not planned it, no one would have known what to do, so The US may have fell into failuar then lead into sucess. He also helped a lot behind the scenes with winning, and without him, I'm not sure the US would have won.


 * __[|Tuskegee Airmen]__**
 * The Tuskegee Airmen, were the first black airmen in the army.
 * They flew 311 missions.[[image:howardgeography/Tuskegee%20Airmen1.jpg width="389" height="327" align="right"]]
 * 95 distinguished Flying Crosses were awarded to them.
 * They consisted of pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, and the people who kept the planes in the air.

__**[|Concentration Camps]**__ Later in the war, the most unexpected thing was discovered; concentration camps. When these camps were discovered, the Allies found Jews starved, diseased, and there was a mass amount murdered. Bodies from the murdered people were left unburied and the people left for starvation, literally appeared as skeletons. The people left alive, were over worked, malnurished, and to weak to even carry themselves. The work done was hard to recover from, and the horros caused by the Nazi's were exposed for the world to see soon after being discovered.

Pacific Theater

__**Bataan Death March**__
 * The Japanese captured 78,000 Filipino and US soliders.
 * The captured soldiers were forced to march to prison camps
 * Soldiers there were beaten, killed, stabbed with bayonets, and were denied both food and water.
 * US soldiers wer treated worse than Fillipino soldiers.

__**Battle of Midway**__ The Battle of Midway turned out to be the major turning point for WWII. Japan had decided to make a suprise attack, little did they know that the US had already deciphered the code and were already on the aware of the attack. When Japan attacks, they lose since the US was aware and ready to fight. After this win, the navies of both Japan and the US are even, making the last of the war a far fight.

Douglas MacArthur had been the man who helped the captured soldiers. After his soldiers were captured he was determined to get both his soldiers and the islands back. He creates 'Island- Hoping', which consisted of him jumping to one island to the next taking over the island and bulding a base. Finally MacArthur returned to the Philipines to release the hostiged soldiers.
 * __[|Douglas MacArthur]__**

__**[|Chester Nimitz]**__ Chester Nimitz was in charge of the US Navy in the Pacific Theater. After the code for the Japanese was deciphered, he went in with his soldiers and fought the Battle of Midway. He and his soldiers won, turning the field into a fair fight war.